The words we use hold significance, shaping how we understand ourselves and how we relate to one another. In Matthew 16, Jesus asks His disciples, “Who do people say that the Son of Man is?” (Matthew 16:13). Their answers reflect a variety of perceptions, rooted in their cultural and religious contexts.
As we celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month, we encounter a similar challenge when considering how we identify ourselves—whether as Hispanic or Latino. Just as Jesus pressed His disciples to define who He was, we must thoughtfully consider how we define our identities and why it matters.
Hispanic and Latino: What’s the Difference?
The terms “Hispanic” and “Latino” are not just words; they reflect histories, cultures, and worldviews. “Hispanic” generally refers to people connected to Spanish-speaking countries, rooted in the colonial legacy of Spain. This term often emphasizes the language and cultural heritage linked to Spain’s influence in Latin America. On the other hand, “Latino” includes a broader range of people from Latin America, regardless of language, encompassing nations like Brazil where Portuguese is spoken, or other countries where French or Dutch are part of the linguistic landscape. This term gained prominence in the mid-20th century, often used as a way to assert a distinct identity separate from colonial powers—a form of self-definition that arose alongside anti-colonial and independence movements.
So, why is it a big deal that some identify as Hispanic while others as Latino? It’s not just about semantics; it’s about worldview. As a professor, I try to maintain objectivity when presenting class material. However, the reality is that neutrality is impossible in this world. We’re all teaching, learning, and speaking through a particular lens shaped by our history, culture, and experiences. The choice between identifying as Hispanic or Latino reflects deeper narratives about identity, belonging, and how we see ourselves in relation to the past and present. “Hispanic” ties us to a history deeply influenced by Spain, while “Latino” often signifies a rejection of that colonial past and an embrace of a broader, more inclusive identity.
This distinction is important for the church because it speaks to how we engage with our communities and how we understand the cultural contexts of those we minister to. For some, identifying as Latino is a way to honor their indigenous or mixed heritage, standing apart from the European influence implied by “Hispanic.” For others, “Hispanic” feels closer to their language and lived experience. Recognizing and respecting these differences allows us to minister more effectively and with greater empathy, acknowledging the diverse stories that shape our congregations.
The Apostle Paul’s call in Ephesians 4:3 to “make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace” reminds us that unity does not mean uniformity. Our differences are not obstacles but opportunities to reflect the multifaceted nature of God’s creation. The church is a body with many parts, as Paul describes in 1 Corinthians 12:12-27—each unique, each essential. The diverse identities within our Hispanic and Latino communities enrich the church and expand our understanding of God’s kingdom.
As we reflect on the legacy of the Latino church, let’s not overlook the importance of language and identity. How we define ourselves shapes how we relate to one another and to God. Celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month isn’t just a nod to cultural diversity; it’s an opportunity to engage with the deeper questions of identity that influence how we live out our faith. By embracing these differences, we become a more faithful reflection of the church Christ calls us to be—diverse, united, and committed to understanding one another as we serve together in God’s mission.
This insight is based on a lecture given by Professor Jordan Villanueva at Stark College & Seminary for his class “The Legacy & History of the Latino Church.”